KOMPLEKS BIRIKMALARNING FAZOVIY TUZILISHI VA IZOMERIYASI


Bir xil ligandlar kompleks hosil qiluvchi atom atrofida  simmetrik joylashadi.  Koordinatsion son 2ga teng bo’lsa,  kompleks birikma chiziqli ko’rinishda bo’ladi.

                              L  -------Me------- L

                        

     Koordinatsion son  4ga  teng  bo’lsa,  kompleks  birikma tekis kvadrat yoki tetraedr shaklda bo’ladi.

                               

            L ─────────── L                      L 

            │                               │                    Me

            │              Me            │          L ------½-------- L

            │                               │

           L  ─────────── L                    L

               Yassi kbadrat                                                      tetraedr

 

     Tetraedr shaklidagi kompleks birikmaning izomerlari bo’lmaydi. Tekis kvadrat

shakliga ega bo’lsa,  uning tsis va  trans  izomerlari bo’ladi. Masalan:

                          [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]

            NH3─────────Cl -          NH3───────  Cl-

            │                              │            │                        │

                          Pt2+             │                         Pt2+         │

            │                              │            │                        │

            NH3─────────Cl     Cl - ────────  NH 3

                  tsis - izomer                                             trans – izomer

 

     Izomerlar bir-biridan rangi,  eruvchanligi,  dipol  momenti,reaktsiyaga kirishish qobiliyati bilan farq qiladi.

     Agar koordinatsion son 6 ga teng bo’lsa, kompleks birikma shakli oktaedr ko’rinishda bo’ladi. Bu shakl uchun ham 2ta izomer mavjud.

 

     [MeA4B2]     K[Cr(SNC)4(NH3)2]

 

                          NH3                             NH3

                   SNC       SNC               SNC      NH3

                           Cr3+                               Cr3+

                  SNC       SNC                SNC       SNC

                         NH3                              SNC

                    trans - izomer                                tsis - izomer

 

          Geometrik izomeriyadan tashqari ichki sferada ligandlarning joylanishiga doir bo’lgan izomeriya  ma’lum:

            1) Suvning ichki va tashqi sferada o’zgarishiga qarab gidrat izomeriyani olsh mumkin. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3   ;     [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2  *H2O ; [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl  *2H2O ;    

                 2)Ionizatsion izomeriya ; Ionlarning ichki va tashqi sferada almashinisiga asoslangan. [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br;    [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4   ;

            Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Br2;                   [Pt(NH3)4Br2]Cl2.

             3)Koordinasion izomeriyada esa ligandning bir kompleks hosil qiluvchidan ikkinchisiga  kochishi sodir bo’ladi:

[ Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6]   ;    [Cr(NH3)6] [Co(CN)6] .

   4)Tarkibiga ko’ra dimer yoki trimer holatda uchraydigan izomerlar:

[Pt(NH3)4Cl2  ;  Pt(NH3)4][PtCl4].

 

Birikmalari
  • H2O - Suv
  • HN 3 - Amiak
  • HF - Vodorod ftorid
  • HCl - Vodorod xlorid
  • NaH - Natriy gidrid
  • MgH 2 - Magniy girid
  • KH - Kaliy girid
  • BaH 2 - Bariy gidrid
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